The Latest ISIS Barbarity
Before and after pictures of the Temple of Bel, Palmyra, Syria
Remember the Buddhas of Bamiyan? You know, that World Heritage Site containing ancient statues of Buddah in central Afghanistan that was destroyed by the Taliban in 2001 because they found the statues “offensive” to Islam?
Anyone wanna guess what ISIS recently did? Yep – the same thing.
This time it was the Temple of Bel in Palmyra, Syria that was deemed “offensive” to Islam and destroyed. Last month, the temple building and some of its close colonnade were blown to bits by ISIS/ISIL/whatever that goat-fornicating band of barbaric Islamic extremists is calling themselves today.
Other ancient sites at Palmyra were also damaged or destroyed. This includes the destruction of the Temple of Baalshamin, which like the Buddhas of Bamiyan had been designated a World Heritage Site.
These are hardly the only sites of historical or archaeological importance destroyed by ISIS/ISIL/whatever. The Wikipedia article on the subject gives a reasonably good rundown.
CNN has an article giving specifics concerning these barbaric bastards’ latest crimes. If you care about history, it’s sickening.
Category: Historical, Reality Check, Terror War
Here is the URL for a video recording of ISIS cooking four (04) men alive over an open fire.
http://shoebat.com/2015/08/31/video-muslims-take-four-innocent-people-tie-them-by-their-arms-and-legs-and-slowly-cook-them-to-death/
Since I don’t speak Arabic, I have no idea what is being said on the video.
Do any of you folks know?
Here is the URL of a report about ISIS raping children, both girls and boys, while praying to Allah, and saying committing rape, sodomy, and paedophilia makes them feel closer to God:
http://shoebat.com/2015/09/02/muslims-take-nine-year-old-girls-pray-to-allah-and-then-rape-them-all-and-then-pray-again-the-muslims-sell-girls-and-boys-and-say-that-by-raping-them-they-will-get-closer-to-allah/
I posted this automated series of video recordings previously on the WEEKEND OPEN THREAD, but it’s certainly appropriate to post it again, as it is in keeping with this subject matter:
https://youtu.be/rkQoqVoBBCk?list=PL938E8785112D44D9
Somewhere, and I’ve forgotten where, I very recently saw photographs posted of formerly Christian churches here in our own United States of America converted into Islamic mosques.
I wish I could give you better details, but I’ve already forgotten where I saw those photographs or the news report.
Maybe a Google search might help.
From my own personal web site,
“OUR ETERNAL STRUGGLE”:
_______________________________
This reminds me of something I learned (?) when I was a soldier in the United States Army and returned from having spent two (02) years in the Republic of Viet Nam.
The year was 1972, and I was stationed at Hunter-Liggett Military Reservation in California, assigned to the Combat Developments Experimentation Command (CDEC), a rather obscure unit which no longer exists (or does it?).
One of my supervisors was Sergeant First Class Geisler, and he told me once that Muslims don’t believe that their version of the messiah (or whatever they call him) can be born of a woman, so each year they get together at some holiday and engage in homosexuality, for that is the only way in which God could be born.
The concept is so horrifyingly repulsive that I really don’t know if that’s true, but Sergeant Geisler, who had a background in military intelligence, maintained it was.
Ever since the attacks of Tuesday 11 September 2001, in which Muslims openly rejoiced, the majority of the so-called “moderate” Muslims have endorsed the extreme murderous violence against innocents by their silent acquiesence.
Islam teaches that every person who is not of their faith must be converted or killed, which leaves no possibility of a peaceful resolution.
In my opinion, Islam has declared itself a mortal enemy of the United States of America, and therefore, EVERY Muslim in the United States of America should be immediately arrested, incarcerated, prosecuted, and permanently exiled.
Furthermore, the United States of America should immediately obliterate Mecca with a preemptive massive thermonuclear strike, followed by a chemical attack designed to leave the area totally uninhabitable.
“Terminate with extreme prejudice.”
Let’s put an end to this problem before it progresses any farther.
_______________________________
I have often thought what my foreign policy would be were I elected POTUS. One decision I have made would be, at my swearing-in, announce that it would now be the policy of the United States that ANY terrorist attack against the US, any US citizen, or our allies that can be proven to have been committed by an Islamic extremist (ie.: any Muslim) then the US will turn Medina to glass. Upon the second such attack, Mecca is turned to glass. Any continued attacks, the US will progressively wipe every capital city of each Islamic nation off the face of the Earth, starting with Tehran. I think the message would get across following the first such attack and we would never see another one again. If only we as a country had the resolve to commit to such action.
The reason that Iran still exists as it does now is that when Reagan begged his SecDef Caspar Weinberger to whack Iran, Weinberger said he could find proof of who was behind all the turmoil, including the invasion of the US embassy in Tehran. That’s a VERY brief summary, but Weinberger would not approve military action.
It just went from there. If you look up Weinberger’s history, including his PBS interview, you’ll find a lot of things that precede what we face now.
Hell, you can’t even blame Nixon for this stuff, because it literally started with Carter and just went from there.
Yes, Peter, killing over a million people* who had nothing to do with a terrorist attack is a great idea. I don’t know why no one has ever tried it before. Except for the whole grossly immoral aspect, of course. Or do you consider it moral to kill over a million people because they’re Muslim?
*Medina has a population of about 1.18 million.
Most of the people living in Berlin, Hamburg, Kassel, Düsseldorf, Emden, Regensburg, Bremen, Schweinfurt, Köln, or Dresden weren’t directly involved in the holocaust either. We bombed them into the Stone Age anyway, because it had to be done to win the war.
The average Japanese peasant in 1945 wasn’t personally connected to the inhuman atrocities of Imperial Japan. We firebombed and nuked them anyway, because it had to be done to win the war.
“So take your piety and your moralizing and your high minded principles and stick ’em someplace safe. We’ve got a frakkin’ war to fight.”
–COL Saul Tigh
The problem with this logic is that Germany and Japan were nation-states that acted rationally.
The Islamic nations of the world have no control over ISIS, and destroying Mecca and Medina would not only be a war crime and destroy historical sites, but also have absolutely effect on ISIS other that give them more recruits.
As for bombing Tehran, ISIS would absolutely love that, since Iran is a Shiite nation state that ISIS considers to be takin, or apostate, which is actually worse than being a kafir, or nonbeliever- sort of like blaspheming the Holy Spirit for many Christians
The problem with this logic is that Germany and Japan were nation-states that acted rationally.
The Islamic nations of the world have no control over ISIS, and destroying Mecca and Medina would not only be a war crime and destroy historical sites, but also have absolutely no effect on ISIS other that give them more recruits.
As for bombing Tehran, ISIS would absolutely love that, since Iran is a Shiite nation state that ISIS considers to be takin, or apostate, which is actually worse than being a kafir, or nonbeliever- sort of like blaspheming the Holy Spirit for many Christians
Should say ‘takfir’, not ‘takin’
Islam is connected. Mecca and Medina are considered holy sites by all factions. My theory is I would never need to drop so much as a hand grenade because 900 million Muslims will finally have reason to put skin in the game and keep the other 100 million Muslims from either committing an attack or just take them out themselves. Either way, my problem solved.
And we had proof a decade ago that Iran was providing resources, training, money, and equipment to belligerent entities in Iraq who were attacking US forces. We should have just started moving troops East from Iraq and West from Afghanistan to meet in the middle and wipe the floor with the “supreme ruler” and his ilk.
But now, “we” are helping approve a deal to give them Nuclear capability. They still consider us the “great Satan” (probably because their version of the Quran states “The US is the great satan, attack them without deference!”)
Even some Japanese agreed that dropping the two big ones was necessary to stop the war and further loss of life. How many are being killed, tortured, mutilated, raped, etc., by ISIS and other extremist muslims?
Meanwhile, DoD is getting slashed, Israel isn’t happy with us, we’re opening our embassy in Cuba again….
i guess you haven’t been there. life is cheap. i met a father who put more value on his sheep then his parasite (Leishmaniasis in this case)riddled daughters. 10 USD for the trigger man on an IED and just 25 USD for a guy to build an EFP. Life is very cheap there or maybe you didn’t notice that they are more human to the animals they kill for food then they are to another Muslim when they are from diffrent factions.
Life is cheap there, so cheap that i had to hold a young Iraqi Lieutenants guts in after they whipped him with a 1/2 steal cable so hard that it split his belly in half. because he was the wrong sect. he kept asking me why did they do this to me? i am an Iraqi like they are. I didn’t have an answer for him before i got him on to the medivac flight.
I genuinely like Iraqis.but i won’t ever trust a Muslim, ever.
if the option was reversed, you can be sure they would bomb the Vatican city or DC or London in a heart beat. how many of us will it take being killed before we actually see them for what they are? we are going to warm and fuzzy our selves in to oblivion if we are not careful…
The idea is called deterrence. You don’t want me turning your city of ‘innocent civilians’ (which, BTW, Islam still considers a valid target) into radioactive waste, then keep your idiots with the dirty bombs and hijacked airplanes from attacking me or my allies. You play nice, I play nice.
John Robert – unfortunately, birth following anal intercourse is already a fact. Where do you think lawyers come from? (rim shot)
Pete – I espoused a similar policy a while back. Make it a game show, and put significant Muslim ideological and population centers on “the wheel of misfortune”. Terrorist attack? Spin that baby…
I guess it’s time for the Israelis to blow the Al Aqsa Mosque/Golden Dome/whatever it’s called.
Maybe drop a MOAB on that big black rock in the desert of Saudi.
Then we can get started on getting to the Star Trek demographics (Why are there no Arabs on Star Trek [TOS]? Because it’s the future…..)
I’m liking how you think on this my friend…
I saw the news story last week about the destruction of that ancient site. They do this to ‘poke the bear’. That’s the only metaphor I can think of. Those sites have been where they are for millenia and no REAL muslim ever said ‘destroy them’. And what John M. has posted adds to it.
They are not representative of islam. They are the lowest of the low. If you want to make up a truly evil villain for a movie or novel plot, take them as your model.
As they keep calling us the great satan I keep wondering when we are going to unleash the fires of hell upon their very souls…
Unending fiery bombings with magnesium and napalm sends a powerful message of death…hard to talk shit and torture people when your flesh is being burned off your body in 1000 degrees of a blast furnace being created in your streets…
Fuck those guys, and burn them to the ground so all that remains is a little discolored dust upon the sand…
Yes, but, VOV, there is no real fuel over there to sustain the kind of fire you’re talking about. It isn’t jungle like Vietnam, or farmland and woodland like Europe. There is almost nothing to support incendiaries. It’s just dust.
Where there’s a will, there’s a way, Ex. And I speak as an expert on combustion.
True. But not much will would be required.
I’ve seen a small number cities in the ME. Construction techniques in the larger cities there don’t seem hugely different than in the US and/or Europe, nor do the materials.
I know that concrete will burn, but construction of most of those villages is dried mud brick, just as was used in Egypt.
The larger cities like Falllujah have more modern construction, but away from there, it’s still mud huts, isn’t it?
To a degree, yes. But much of the population in the ME is congregated in areas that are amenable to irrigation. And a surprisingly large fraction of the population is in larger cities and towns.
For example: in Iraq, the urban population fraction last year was roughly 2/3 (66.5%). The largest 6 cities – Baghdad, Mosul, Erbil, Basra, As Sulaymaniyah, and Najaf – between them have roughly 1/3 of that nations’ population.
http://www.indexmundi.com/iraq/demographics_profile.html
Hmmm… that’s a lot like central Spain which has become almost deserted. People have moved from the interior of Spain to cities like Madrid to find work. The interior is almost completely abandoned.
Then VOV’s suggestion might work, because cities like Esfahan in Iran are major manufacturing centers surrounded by croplands. But there is a strong demarcation between the planted areas and the rest of the surrounding countryside.
First, we need someone in the White House that doesn’t agree with them.
Second, we need someone in the White House that knows they are evil.
Third, we need someone in the White House that has testicles.
Fourth, we need someone in the White House that is willing to do what is necessary to win.
First one: check
Second one: check
Third one: oops!
Fourth one: check
Okay, I’ll go.
Fifth, we someone in the White House who’s not on of them.
“one” of them
He is to busy renaming mountains to care about what is going on in other parts of the world.
And I have an odd feeling he is counting the days to he can get the hell out of office.
Its someone else’s problem now.
I wonder if the next president will be blaming Obummer as Obummer blamed Bush for his first SIX years in office?
Well over 6 1/2 now.
Remember, DoD’s number 1 priority right now is “Climate Change” according to King Barry.
Who cares about that whole fighting our nation’s wars, winning, defending the Constitution stuff….
Anyone besides me think he might just bail out before the elections even take place? Before the tickets are declared? He doesn’t give a gopher’s nuts, so why would he stay? After all – Biden.
Can we get ISIS to come over here and destroy all the Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee statues? If so, then we could live in post-racism PEACE, finally.
//pass the skittles.
Nice one, GDC.
Peace is offensive to me, you can’t use that word anymore because I’m offended by it.
Peace flags are also offensive, take them down.
That I’m-a-victim-and-I-am-offended business is a one-way street and, unfortunately, you are traveling in the wrong direction. In another sense, you are traveling in the right direction but that just doesn’t count. In fact, that’s the problem. So, let’s all lock hands and travel together down the one-way street of tolerance and tyranny, shall we?
I’m sure that the vast majority of these ISIS goat molesters are like Taliban members, the most educated of them having maybe a third grade level. There IS NO negotiating with a radical Islamist, the nicest thing you can do for them is to wipe them off the face of the Earth, let’s remember Bin Laden’s message to America right after 9/11 where he said he would call off further attacks if Americans started to convert en masse to jizzlam. I wish that AIDS would run rampant in the ME like it does in Africa, that could help us out in reducing the number of terrorists, they’d spread it among themselves on every “Man-love Thursday”!
Weeeellll…this is unfortunate, but it’s also not unusual. Christianity also had it’s era of temple/idol destruction. And I doubt that the pagans were innocent of destroying rival gods’ temples, either. It seems to go with the territory.
Oh, and if anybody had really cared about their history, that site would have been protected. I read that an 80 year old professor was killed by ISIS for not divulging where some hidden antiquities were. He seems to be the only one that gave a rip, one way or the other.
Not true, Pinto Nag. Since the Middle Ages, such conduct IS generally unusual.
As I recall, what you describe in general happened during the Medieval Ages and before. Outside the Islamic world, most examples since of destroying the past have been due to political reasons (e.g., Soviet dezinformatsiya) vice religious ones. From my perspective, the Islamic world appears to be the exception to that general rule.
Like the Taliban, ISIS/ISIL/(whatever they call themselves today) is doing this due to the antiquities and/or cultural items being destroyed being an “affront to Islam”. The Turks did likewise with the Greeks and Armenians during and after World War I. With a bit of research, I’m relatively sure I could find more examples.
This most recent atrocity is a routine part of their jihad, nothing else.
I would beg to differ with what you said with the example of the Reformation of Ireland, which extended up through the 1700’s. You are correct that MOST of the Christian examples of aggression were found in the Middle Ages. If you wish to add the destruction of pagan teachings as well as temples, you can include the aboriginal peoples when they were encountered, up through the early 1900’s (the American Indian tribes being our most obvious example.)
Both the Reformation of Ireland and the Indian Wars were essentially political acts, not religious ones.
The Reformation of Ireland was an extension of the English Reformation to Ireland, which was at the time an English colony. The English Reformation was essentially a political action wherein the King of England asserted his authority over his nation, asserting (and proving) that it was superior to that of the Catholic Church. The creation of the Anglican Church from the previous English Catholic Church was a tactic used for political ends; it did not create a “religious war”. The Reformation in Ireland was an attempt to extend this political domination to an existing colony. It was primarily an exercise in political control.
The US Indian Wars were similarly secular in nature. The motivation there was obtaining new land; this was done by pushing out or assimilating the aboriginal inhabitants. Any reference to “Godless savages” was mere window dressing designed to justify a desirable political objective. Race and religion were at best secondary factors. Wars in Europe at the same time showed clearly that white Christians in Europe were just as willing to go to war with each other in the 1700s and 1800s as we were willing to make war on NA tribes for the same reason: control of land. See the history of Poland and/or the unification of Germany and Italy if you have doubts about that.
Bottom line: in both examples you give, politics – not religion – was the motivation. Religion as a motivation was at best a distant secondary factor, if not window dressing entirely.
That is not the case with either the Taliban or ISIS/ISIL/whatever. They have explicitly stated that their recent destruction of antiquities was because they were “offensive” to Islam.
Can you maybe pull your dick out of the Democrat talking points and get with at least the nineteenth century?
I know that’s difficult with all the evil Christian Crusades thing, but just remember that the Crusades happened because Islam was literally killing and enslaving the country of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.
First of all, I don’t have a dick. Second, I’m probably more conservative than you are. Third, truth hurts, doesn’t it? I’m a Catholic, and what kind of airhead would I be to deny what my church has done in her past, good and bad? That doesn’t excuse what ISIS is doing, that says that the history of most religions tends to be a bit messy. Throw power politics into the mix, and it gets even messier.
Gotta tweak you a bit about the 19th century my friend…who do you suppose it was that murdered all the native americans? It wasn’t all the atheist americans…even today less than 5% of the population identifies as an atheist….so at least 95% of the genocide that is known as the “indian wars” is due to christian americans exercising their free will over what was considered a savage, less than human race…also I’m pretty sure a great many good christian families worshipped the same god as their slaves did during the 19th century….atheists have certainly picked up the pace during the 20th century, but christians have a nice long history of oppression through violence…one need only review good christians in supposedly liberal boston protesting busing to see a more recent example of hatred without the murder.
Islam is working hard these days to be the predominant murderous religion on the planet, but I am in agreement with PN, nobody has clean hands here…including non-believers.
VOV: see my reply to Pinto Nag above. Bottom line is that the US Indian Wars were politically motivated (get new land). Religion either played little or no part or was used as a smokescreen to justify a desired political end. They weren’t “religious wars”. We were quite willing to go to war with Christians for the same reason – see the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the US Civil War, and the Spanish-American War. Pretty sure the belligerents on both sides in all of those wars were predominantly Christian.
In contrast, ISIS/ISIL/(whatever) has declared their desire to establish a theocracy – one that will eventually be worldwide, as I recall. Different case entirely.
No argument about the political points, although I’m sure that the persecuted Catholics felt the attack was as religious as it was political.
There was a very misguided attempt at integrating the Native Americans into the dominant society in the 1800’s and 1900’s, mostly by the Catholic Church. Their method was to take Indian children away from their families and house them with whites or in boarding schools, and attempt to erase all native cultural customs and trappings. Any use of native language or names, braiding of hair, or wearing of any native symbol, was severely punished. While this was political in basis, the result was a destruction of the native belief system, and could be viewed as religious in nature as far as the results of the experiment.
Point taken. Although well-intentioned, that program did have its issues along the lines you discuss.
Addendum: you also might want to consult the works of the late R. J. Rummel, who extensively studied the killing of people by governments throughout 20th Century (and to an extent, earlier as well). In particular, he developed midpoint (e.g., relatively conservative) estimates of the number of persons deliberately murdered by various historical governments, including those killed due to “Western” colonialism.
The USSR and Communist China lead the list – and the next mega-murderer state is only about 1/3 of China’s total.
If I recall correctly, both of those governments murdered more people than all deaths attributable to Western colonialism combined. (I’m recalling on the order of 80M for the USSR and 60+M for China; colonialism was estimated at 50M). I’m pretty sure the total for “colonialism” includes the US Indian Wars, but even if it didn’t there’s room to add that total and still stay under both the USSR and Communist Chinese totals.
Both the USSR and Communist China were officially atheist.
atheists have certainly picked up the pace during the 20th century
Writing that I didn’t indicate they might have surpassed their religious brethren to be more accurate. However one could argue the point as you do that their motivation was suppression of dissenting or problem populations for political gain as well making it similar to the US westward expansion. Good commies are like good religious folks for me, both like to stifle dissent because dissent causes belief issues for both commies and religious believers…population groups in the way need to be quieted which is easiest by killing them. Native Americans were in the way and they were non-believing savages and thus subhuman…their gods were a joke to the christian believers of the day, same as the folks who didn’t believe in communism were made into subhumans by their communist oppressors.
Belief systems whether religious or political require absolute faith and belief in the system. I am perhaps more skeptical than atheist if you will, I just don’t believe any man made system is immune to corruption and oppression because men are involved and once men are involved they seek to control others to maintain whatever lifestyle they can for themselves even at the cost of others.
Commies and religious people are equally nasty believers, always telling you how you ought to live and finding ways to create problems for you if you don’t. True atheists or skeptics don’t give a flying fuck how you live as long as you don’t interfere with their desire to be left alone…the USSR and China might call themselves atheist but the religion was communism and just like the christians they squashed dissent with death.
You seemed to be implying that religious motivation was to blame for historically murderous regimes, VOV. My intent was to show that’s not the case.
As another example: by all accounts, the Mongols under Ghengis Khan were incredibly tolerant of diverse religious beliefs – they didn’t much care what their subjects believed. But step out of line, and they would massacre your city – as the destruction of the cities of Ugrench, Merv, Herat, Nishapur, and others attest.
Regarding tolerance, one can say much the same about good Christians too, VOV. Christian teachings include the concept of tolerance (“do unto others. . . . “; “turn the other cheek . . . “; etc . . . . ). That’s something that tiny but vocal minority in Christianity who seem to wish to establish a theocratic state seems to ignore.
Unfortunately, that same problem (militant extremists intent on establishing a theocracy) exists in Islam as well. I’m just not sure any more whether it’s even a minority in Islam, much less a tiny one.
Agreed with respect to islam…they seem hell bent on creating their version of a theocratic world and there are not very many voices in dissent. Few so called moderates in the islamic world even oppose their own capitulation to these extremists, it makes one wonder if there are truly any moderates left.
That islamists have so many liberal apologists doesn’t actually surprise me either, it’s been my experience that the new liberals are more fascist than their commie roots provided. They look to stifle dissent through a different tactic though, they like to use words to disarm their dissenters by labeling with the current terms for pariahs…given a chance from what I read on DU some of those lefty pricks would be quite happy to use prisons to stifle dissent.
I find it quite ironic that these lefty apologists are telling us all we can’t judge islam based on the actions of a few loons but we must judge all gun-owners on the actions of a few loons….the concept of hypocrisy often seems to escape the supposedly educated liberal mind.
They come by that hypocrisy naturally. From the left’s “patron saint”, V. I. Lenin:
“To speak the truth is a petit-bourgeois habit. To lie, on the contrary, is often justified by the lie’s aim.”
http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/12/magazine/on-language.html
Well, if I may: ISIS has been described as politics disguised as religion. It applies to the rest of Islam when you take Khomeini’s speeches (the Great Satan) and Khameini’s succeeding pronoucements. The Taliban and Al Qaeda are more of the same, using religion as an excuse to run roughshod over everyone in their path.
You can say the same thing about Pope Urban’s speech which generated the inception of the Crusades, Henry VIII’s schism with Rome, and other, similar events in more recent history.
Nazim is a form of religion. Look at Hitler’s massed gatherings. Those people are practically hypnotized by his presence.
So is socialism/communism. If that weren’t the case, how come so many SJWs are described as fanatics? And why do those statues of Lenin frequently show him with his hand held out in some sort of pat on the head gesture?
Xerxes was a God-King. You couldn’t touch him or Nebuchadnezzar. It’s the same mentality. It is politics using religion as an excuse to slaughter people.
Have to disagree, Ex-PH2.
Most of those you mention above desired to achieve political dominance. However, with the possible exception of Pope Urban, they were cynically using religion as a tool to further that aim. For them, the political aim was primary; the religious, a distant second to nonexistent.
Khomeini and his ilk (the Shia “Twelvers”), the Taliban, and ISIS actually believe the religious teachings they follow. While they are not “irrational” per se, their calculations are based on a different concept than other political figures – because they’re based on religious, not political, principles.
Most world leaders find the thought of a nuclear war abhorrent. It’s questionable whether the Shia Twelvers do or not – as it’s my understanding that their teachings indicate the world ends shortly arrival of the 12th Imam.
Actually, it’s the return of the 12th imam, or the Mahdi,malong with Jesus and Moses, believe it or not.
One of the worst Shia groups in Iraq is JAM, aka Jaysh (army) of the Mahdi
Hondo, you simply repeated what I said. Religion is the tool of and excuse for what they do. It is thinly disguised politics. The Soviets called it ‘pogroms’ and ‘purges’.
And when is that slaughterer going to arrive? Isn’t Khameini getting old?
Who’s his ‘stepchild’?
If they had jobs, an Obama phone, debit cards for cigs and beer, housing credits and free pre-k for all … This would have never happened.
If you don’t believe me, ask the the State Department.
I’d rather drill a hole through my head with a dull butter knife than talk to the Department of Misconduct.